Which of the following is not an advantage of norm-referenced assessments?

• A. Efficient to administer
• B. Clear guidelines for administration
• C. Standard scores and percentiles allow clinicians to qualify students for educational services
• D. They require a lot of time and resources to administer

Answer: (D)

Norm-referenced assessments are designed to compare a student’s performance to a large, representative group, using standardized procedures so results are consistent across examiners. Their strength lies in efficiency and clear administration guidelines, plus the ability to translate performance into standard scores and percentile ranks that help clinicians interpret where a student stands and, often, support decisions about educational services. The statement about requiring a lot of time and resources to administer describes a disadvantage rather than an advantage, which is why it’s not aligned with what norm-referenced tests are intended to provide.